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Table of Contents
1PREFACE................................................................................................................................16
About Ada.................................................................................................................................................16
Programming in the large...............................................................................................................................................16
Programming in the small..............................................................................................................................................17
The Language Reference Manual..................................................................................................................................17
Ada Conformity Assessment Test Suite.........................................................................................................................18
Programming in Ada................................................................................................................................18
Getting Started...............................................................................................................................................................18
Language Features.........................................................................................................................................................18
Computer Programming.................................................................................................................................................19
Language Summary.......................................................................................................................................................19
Predefined Language Libraries......................................................................................................................................19
Other Language Libraries..............................................................................................................................................20
External resources....................................................................................................................................20
Source Code..............................................................................................................................................20
References.............................................................................................................................................2..0..
See also.....................................................................................................................................................21
Resources.......................................................................................................................................................................21
Manuals and guides........................................................................................................................................................21
Associations...................................................................................................................................................................21
Free online books/courses..............................................................................................................................................21
Authors and contributors..........................................................................................................................21
2BASIC................................................................................................................................23
"Hello, world!" programs.........................................................................................................................23
"Hello, world!"...............................................................................................................................................................23
"Hello, world!" with renames........................................................................................................................................24
"Hello, world!" with use................................................................................................................................................24
FAQ: Why is "Hello, world!" so big?............................................................................................................................24
Things to look out for...........................................................................................................................25
Comb Format.................................................................................................................................................................25
Notes.........................................................................................................................................................26
Type and subtype...........................................................................................................................................................26
Constrained types and unconstrained types...................................................................................................................26
Dynamic types................................................................................................................................................................27
Separation of concerns...................................................................................................................................................27
3INSTALLING.........................................................................................................................28
AdaMagic from SofCheck....................................................................................................................28
AdaMULTI from Green Hills Software................................................................................................28
DEC Ada from HP................................................................................................................................29
GNAT, the GNU Ada Compiler from AdaCore and the Free Software Foundation...............................29
GNAT GPL Edition........................................................................................................................................................29
GNAT Modified GPL releases.......................................................................................................................................30
GNAT 3.15p................................................................................................................................30
GNAT Pro.......................................................................................................................................30
GCC............................................................................................................................................31
The GNU Ada Project....................................................................................................................................................31
GNAT for AVR microcontrollers...................................................................................................................................32
Prebuilt packages as part of larger distributions............................................................................................................32
AIDE (for Microsoft Windows).....................................................................................................32
Blastwave (for Solaris on SPARC and x86)...................................................................................32
Chapter
Cygwin (for Microsoft Windows)..................................................................................................33
Debian (GNU/Linux and GNU/kFreeBSD)...................................................................................33
DJGPP (for MS-DOS).................................................................................................................34
FreeBSD..........................................................................................................................................34
Gentoo GNU/Linux........................................................................................................................35
GNAT for Macintosh (for Mac OS 9 and X).................................................................................35
Mandriva Linux..............................................................................................................................35
MinGW (for Microsoft Windows)...............................................................................................3..5
SuSE Linux.................................................................................................................................36
ICC from Irvine Compiler Corporation...................................................................................................36
Janus/Ada 83 and 95 from RR Software...............................................................................................36
ObjectAda from Aonix.............................................................................................................................37
Power Ada from OC Systems.................................................................................................................3..7
Rational Apex from IBM Rational........................................................................................................37
SCORE from DDC-I................................................................................................................................37
XD Ada from SWEP-EDS....................................................................................................................37
4BUILDING...........................................................................................................................38
Building with various compilers...........................................................................................................38
GNAT.............................................................................................................................................................................38
GNAT command line......................................................................................................................38
GNAT IDE......................................................................................................................................38
GNAT with Xcode..........................................................................................................................39
Rational APEX...............................................................................................................................................................39
ObjectAda......................................................................................................................................................................40
DEC Ada for VMS.........................................................................................................................................................40
DEC Ada IDE.................................................................................................................................41
To be completed.............................................................................................................................................................41
Compiling our Demo Source.................................................................................................................4..1
GNAT.............................................................................................................................................................................42
Rational APEX...............................................................................................................................................................42
ObjectAda......................................................................................................................................................................43
ObjectAda commandline.............................................................................................................43
See also.....................................................................................................................................................44
5CONTROL..............................................................................................................................45
Conditionals..............................................................................................................................................45
if-else..............................................................................................................................................................................45
Optimizing hints.............................................................................................................................................................46
case.................................................................................................................................................................................46
Unconditionals..........................................................................................................................................47
return..............................................................................................................................................................................47
goto.................................................................................................................................................................................47
Isn't goto evil?.............................................................................................................................47
Loops....................................................................................................................................................48
Endless Loop..................................................................................................................................................................48
Loop with Condition at the Beginning...........................................................................................................................48
loop with condition at the end........................................................................................................................................49
loop with condition in the middle..................................................................................................................................49
for loop...........................................................................................................................................................................49
for loop on arrays........................................................................................................................50
Working Demo............................................................................................................................50
See also.....................................................................................................................................................51
Wikibook........................................................................................................................................................................51
Ada Reference Manual...................................................................................................................................................51
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6TYPE SYSTEM........................................................................................................................52
Predefined types.......................................................................................................................................52
The Type Hierarchy..............................................................................................................................53
Concurrency Types...............................................................................................................................55
Limited Types.......................................................................................................................................55
Defining new types and subtypes.............................................................................................................55
Creating subtypes...........................................................................................................................................................56
Derived types.................................................................................................................................................................56
Subtype categories................................................................................................................................57
Anonymous subtype.......................................................................................................................................................57
Base type........................................................................................................................................................................57
Constrained subtype.......................................................................................................................................................57
Definite subtype.............................................................................................................................................................57
Indefinite subtype...........................................................................................................................................................57
Named subtype...............................................................................................................................................................58
Unconstrained subtype...................................................................................................................................................58
Qualified expressions...............................................................................................................................59
Type conversions..................................................................................................................................59
Explicit type conversion.................................................................................................................................................60
Change of Representation..............................................................................................................................................61
Checked conversion for non-numeric types...................................................................................................................61
View conversion, in object-oriented programming........................................................................................................62
View renaming............................................................................................................................63
Address conversion........................................................................................................................................................63
Unchecked conversion...................................................................................................................................................63
Overlays.........................................................................................................................................................................64
Export / Import...............................................................................................................................................................65
See also.....................................................................................................................................................65
Wikibook........................................................................................................................................................................65
Ada Reference Manual...................................................................................................................................................65
7INTEGER TYPES....................................................................................................................67
Working demo..........................................................................................................................................67
See also.....................................................................................................................................................67
Wikibook........................................................................................................................................................................67
Ada Reference Manual...................................................................................................................................................67
8UNSIGNED INTEGER TYPES........................................................................................................68
Description...............................................................................................................................................6.8
See also.....................................................................................................................................................68
Wikibook........................................................................................................................................................................68
Ada Reference Manual...................................................................................................................................................68
9ENUMERATIONS......................................................................................................................69
Operators and attributes........................................................................................................................6..9.
Enumeration literals..............................................................................................................................6..9..
Characters as enumeration literals.................................................................................................................................70
Booleans as enumeration literals....................................................................................................................................70
Enumeration subtypes..............................................................................................................................70
See also.....................................................................................................................................................71
Wikibook........................................................................................................................................................................71
Ada Reference Manual...................................................................................................................................................71
10FLOATING POINT TYPES..........................................................................................................72
Description...............................................................................................................................................7.2
Wikibooks | 5
Chapter
See also.....................................................................................................................................................72
Wikibook........................................................................................................................................................................72
Ada Reference Manual...................................................................................................................................................72
FIXED POINT TYPES...................................................................................................................73
Description...............................................................................................................................................7.3
Ordinary Fixed Point................................................................................................................................73
Decimal Fixed Point.............................................................................................................................74
Differences between Ordinary and Decimal Fixed Point Types............................................................74
See also.....................................................................................................................................................75
Wikibook........................................................................................................................................................................75
Ada 95 Reference Manual..............................................................................................................................................75
Ada 2005 Reference Manual..........................................................................................................................................75
11ARRAYS..............................................................................................................................76
Declaring arrays.......................................................................................................................................7. 6
Basic syntax...................................................................................................................................................................76
With known subrange....................................................................................................................................................76
With unknown subrange................................................................................................................................................77
With aliased elements....................................................................................................................................................77
Arrays with more than one dimension...........................................................................................................................78
Using arrays..............................................................................................................................................78
Assignment.....................................................................................................................................................................78
Concatenate....................................................................................................................................................................79
Array Attributes..............................................................................................................................................................79
Empty or Null Arrays.....................................................................................................................................................80
See also.....................................................................................................................................................80
Wikibook........................................................................................................................................................................80
Ada 95 Reference Manual..............................................................................................................................................80
Ada 2005 Reference Manual..........................................................................................................................................80
Ada Quality and Style Guide.........................................................................................................................................80
12RECORDS.............................................................................................................................81
Basic record..........................................................................................................................................81
Null record................................................................................................................................................81
Record Values.......................................................................................................................................81
Discriminated record................................................................................................................................82
Variant record...........................................................................................................................................82
Mutable and immutable variant records.........................................................................................................................82
Union....................................................................................................................................................84
Tagged record.......................................................................................................................................84
Abstract tagged record..........................................................................................................................8..5
With aliased elements...........................................................................................................................85
Limited Records.......................................................................................................................................85
See also.....................................................................................................................................................85
Wikibook........................................................................................................................................................................85
Ada Reference Manual...................................................................................................................................................85
Ada 95.............................................................................................................................................85
Ada 2005.....................................................................................................................................86
Ada Issues...................................................................................................................................86
13ACCESS TYPES...................................................................................................................87
Different access types...........................................................................................................................87
Pool access.....................................................................................................................................................................87
Access all.......................................................................................................................................................................87
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Access constant..............................................................................................................................................................87
Anonymous access.........................................................................................................................................................87
Not null access...............................................................................................................................................................88
Constant anonymous access...........................................................................................................................................88
Access to subprogram....................................................................................................................................................88
Anonymous access to subprogram.................................................................................................................................89
Using access types................................................................................................................................89
Creating object in a storage pool....................................................................................................................................89
Deleting object from a storage pool...............................................................................................................................89
Implicit dereferencing....................................................................................................................................................90
Access FAQ..........................................................................................................................................90
Access vs. access all.......................................................................................................................................................90
Access performance.......................................................................................................................................................91
Access vs. https://www.tradebit.comress............................................................................................................................................91
C compatible pointer......................................................................................................................................................92
Where is void*?.............................................................................................................................................................92
See also.....................................................................................................................................................93
Wikibook........................................................................................................................................................................93
Ada Reference Manual...................................................................................................................................................93
Ada 95.............................................................................................................................................93
Ada 2005.....................................................................................................................................93
Ada Quality and Style Guide.........................................................................................................................................93
14LIMITED TYPES..................................................................................................................94
Limited Types.......................................................................................................................................94
Initialising Limited Types......................................................................................................................9.5.
See also.....................................................................................................................................................96
Ada 95 Reference Manual..............................................................................................................................................96
Ada 2005 Reference Manual..........................................................................................................................................97
Ada Quality and Style Guide.........................................................................................................................................97
15STRINGS...........................................................................................................................98
Fixed-length string handling.................................................................................................................98
Bounded-length string handling...............................................................................................................99
Unbounded-length string handling.........................................................................................................100
See also...................................................................................................................................................100
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................100
Ada 95 Reference Manual............................................................................................................................................100
Ada 2005 Reference Manual........................................................................................................................................101
16SUBPROGRAMS...................................................................................................................102
Procedures..............................................................................................................................................102
Functions............................................................................................................................................103
Named parameters..............................................................................................................................105
Default parameters..............................................................................................................................1..0..5
See also...................................................................................................................................................106
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................106
Ada 95 Reference Manual............................................................................................................................................106
Ada 2005 Reference Manual........................................................................................................................................106
Ada Quality and Style Guide.......................................................................................................................................106
17PACKAGES......................................................................................................................107
Parts of a package...............................................................................................................................107
The public package specification.................................................................................................................................107
The private package specification................................................................................................................................107
The package body........................................................................................................................................................108
Wikibooks | 7
Chapter
Two Flavors of Package...............................................................................................................................................108
Using packages...................................................................................................................................109
Standard with...............................................................................................................................................................109
Private with..................................................................................................................................................................110
Limited with.................................................................................................................................................................110
Making operators visible..............................................................................................................................................111
Package organisation..............................................................................................................................112
Nested packages...........................................................................................................................................................112
Child packages.............................................................................................................................................................114
Subunits........................................................................................................................................................................115
Notes.......................................................................................................................................................115
See also...............................................................................................................................................116
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................116
Wikipedia.....................................................................................................................................................................116
Ada 95 Reference Manual............................................................................................................................................116
Ada 2005 Reference Manual........................................................................................................................................116
18INPUT OUTPUT...................................................................................................................117
Text I/O...................................................................................................................................................117
Direct I/O............................................................................................................................................117
Sequential I/O.....................................................................................................................................117
Storage I/O..............................................................................................................................................117
Stream I/O...............................................................................................................................................117
See also...............................................................................................................................................118
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................118
Ada 95 Reference Manual............................................................................................................................................118
Ada 2005 Reference Manual........................................................................................................................................118
Ada Quality and Style Guide.......................................................................................................................................119
19EXCEPTIONS....................................................................................................................120
Robustness..............................................................................................................................................120
Modules, preconditions and postconditions........................................................................................120
Predefined exceptions.........................................................................................................................1..2. 1
Input-output exceptions..........................................................................................................................122
Exception declarations........................................................................................................................123
Raising exceptions..............................................................................................................................123
Exception handling and propagation.....................................................................................................1. 24
Information about an exception occurrence........................................................................................124
See also...................................................................................................................................................125
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................125
Ada 95 Reference Manual............................................................................................................................................125
Ada 2005 Reference Manual........................................................................................................................................125
Ada Quality and Style Guide.......................................................................................................................................125
20GENERICS.......................................................................................................................127
Parametric polymorphism (generic units)...........................................................................................127
Generic parameters.............................................................................................................................128
Generic formal objects.................................................................................................................................................128
Generic formal types....................................................................................................................................................129
Generic formal subprograms........................................................................................................................................130
Generic instances of other generic packages...............................................................................................................131
Instantiating generics..........................................................................................................................132
Advanced generics..............................................................................................................................1..3..2
Generics and nesting....................................................................................................................................................132
Generics and child units...............................................................................................................................................133
See also...................................................................................................................................................135
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Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................135
Wikipedia.....................................................................................................................................................................135
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................135
21TASKING...........................................................................................................................136
Tasks.......................................................................................................................................................136
Rendezvous..................................................................................................................................................................137
Selective Wait...............................................................................................................................................................137
Guards..........................................................................................................................................................................138
Protected types......................................................................................................................................1..39
Entry families.........................................................................................................................................141
Termination.............................................................................................................................................142
Timeout...................................................................................................................................................142
Conditional entry calls........................................................................................................................1..4. 3
Requeue statements................................................................................................................................144
Scheduling..........................................................................................................................................144
Interfaces............................................................................................................................................144
See also...................................................................................................................................................144
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................144
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................145
Ada 95...........................................................................................................................................145
Ada 2005...................................................................................................................................145
Ada Quality and Style Guide..............................................................................................................145
22OBJECT ORIENTATION........................................................................................................1.46
Object-orientation on Ada......................................................................................................................146
The package.................................................................................................................................................................146
A little note for C++ programmers...............................................................................................146
The tagged record.........................................................................................................................................................146
Creating Objects...........................................................................................................................147
The class-wide type...................................................................................................................148
Primitive operations.....................................................................................................................................................148
The class-wide type, again...........................................................................................................150
Abstract types...............................................................................................................................................................151
Interfaces......................................................................................................................................................................151
Class names........................................................................................................................................152
Classes/Class................................................................................................................................................................152
Class/Object.................................................................................................................................................................152
Class/Class_Type.........................................................................................................................................................152
See also...................................................................................................................................................153
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................153
Wikipedia.....................................................................................................................................................................153
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................153
Ada 95...........................................................................................................................................153
Ada 2005...................................................................................................................................153
Ada Quality and Style Guide.......................................................................................................................................153
23ADA 2005.....................................................................................................................154
Language features...............................................................................................................................154
Character set.................................................................................................................................................................154
Interfaces......................................................................................................................................................................154
Union............................................................................................................................................................................155
With..............................................................................................................................................................................155
Access types.................................................................................................................................................................155
Not null access..............................................................................................................................155
Wikibooks | 9
Chapter
Anonymous access.....................................................................................................................1.5..5
Language library.....................................................................................................................................156
Containers....................................................................................................................................................................156
Scan Filesystem Directories and Environment Variables............................................................................................156
Numerics......................................................................................................................................................................156
Real-Time and High Integrity Systems...............................................................................................157
Ravenscar profile.........................................................................................................................................................157
New scheduling policies..............................................................................................................................................157
Dynamic priorities for protected objects......................................................................................................................157
Summary of what's new......................................................................................................................157
New keywords..............................................................................................................................................................157
New pragmas................................................................................................................................................................158
New attributes..............................................................................................................................................................158
New packages..............................................................................................................................................................158
See also...................................................................................................................................................160
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................160
Pages in the category Ada 2005...................................................................................................................................160
External links..........................................................................................................................................160
Papers and presentations..............................................................................................................................................160
Rationale......................................................................................................................................................................161
Language Requirements...............................................................................................................................................161
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................161
Ada Issues....................................................................................................................................................................161
24TIPS...............................................................................................................................1..6.3
Full declaration of a type can be deferred to the unit's body...............................................................163
Lambda calculus through generics.........................................................................................................163
Compiler Messages................................................................................................................................164
I/O...........................................................................................................................................................164
Text_IO Issues..............................................................................................................................................................164
See also...................................................................................................................................................165
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................165
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................165
25ALGORITHMS.....................................................................................................................166
Introduction............................................................................................................................................166
Chapter 1: Introduction.......................................................................................................................166
To Lower......................................................................................................................................................................166
Equal Ignore Case........................................................................................................................................................167
Chapter 6: Dynamic Programming........................................................................................................167
Fibonacci numbers.......................................................................................................................................................167
Simple Implementation...............................................................................................................1..67
Cached Implementation................................................................................................................168
Memory Optimized Implementation............................................................................................169
No 64 bit integers......................................................................................................................1..6. 9
26FUNCTION OVERLOADING...................................................................................................171
Description............................................................................................................................................1..71
Demonstration........................................................................................................................................171
calling the first function...............................................................................................................................................172
calling the second function..........................................................................................................................................172
Function overloading in Ada..................................................................................................................172
See also...................................................................................................................................................173
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................173
Ada 95 Reference Manual............................................................................................................................................173
Ada 2005 Reference Manual........................................................................................................................................173
10 | Ada_Programming-12-2007
27MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS.............................................................................................174
Simple calculations.............................................................................................................................1. 74
Addition.......................................................................................................................................................................174
Subtraction...................................................................................................................................................................174
Multiplication...............................................................................................................................................................175
Division........................................................................................................................................................................175
Exponential calculations.....................................................................................................................176
Power of.......................................................................................................................................................................176
Root..............................................................................................................................................................................176
Logarithm.....................................................................................................................................................................177
Demonstration..............................................................................................................................................................177
Higher math........................................................................................................................................178
Trigonometric calculations...........................................................................................................................................178
Hyperbolic calculations................................................................................................................................................179
Complex arithmethic....................................................................................................................................................180
Vector and Matrix Arithmetic......................................................................................................................................182
See also...................................................................................................................................................182
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................182
Ada 95 Reference Manual............................................................................................................................................183
Ada 2005 Reference Manual........................................................................................................................................183
28STATEMENTS......................................................................................................................184
29VARIABLES.....................................................................................................................186
Assignment statements...........................................................................................................................186
Uses.....................................................................................................................................................1.86
See also...................................................................................................................................................186
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................186
30LEXICAL ELEMENTS..........................................................................................................187
Character set.......................................................................................................................................187
Lexical elements.................................................................................................................................187
Identifiers.....................................................................................................................................................................187
Numbers.......................................................................................................................................................................188
Character literals..........................................................................................................................................................188
String literals................................................................................................................................................................189
Delimiters.....................................................................................................................................................................189
Comments....................................................................................................................................................................189
Reserved words............................................................................................................................................................189
See also...................................................................................................................................................190
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................190
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................190
31KEYWORDS.....................................................................................................................191
Language summary keywords................................................................................................................191
List of keywords.................................................................................................................................191
See also...................................................................................................................................................192
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................192
Ada 95 Reference Manual............................................................................................................................................192
Ada 2005 Reference Manual........................................................................................................................................192
Ada Quality and Style Guide.......................................................................................................................................192
32DELIMITERS....................................................................................................................193
Single character delimiters.....................................................................................................................193
Compound character delimiters.............................................................................................................193
Wikibooks | 11
Chapter
Others.................................................................................................................................................194
See also...................................................................................................................................................194
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................194
Ada 95 Reference Manual............................................................................................................................................194
Ada 2005 Reference Manual........................................................................................................................................195
33OPERATORS........................................................................................................................196
Standard operators..............................................................................................................................196
Logical operators..........................................................................................................................................................196
Relational operators.....................................................................................................................................................196
Binary adding operators...............................................................................................................................................196
Unary adding operators................................................................................................................................................197
Multiplying operator....................................................................................................................................................197
Highest precedence operator........................................................................................................................................197
Shortcut operators...............................................................................................................................197
Membership tests................................................................................................................................198
See also...................................................................................................................................................198
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................198
Ada 95 Reference Manual............................................................................................................................................198
Ada 2005 Reference Manual........................................................................................................................................198
Ada Quality and Style Guide.......................................................................................................................................198
34ATTRIBUTES.......................................................................................................................199
Language summary attributes.............................................................................................................199
List of language defined attributes......................................................................................................199
A – B............................................................................................................................................................................199
C...................................................................................................................................................................................199
D – F.............................................................................................................................................................................200
G – L............................................................................................................................................................................200
M..................................................................................................................................................................................200
O – R............................................................................................................................................................................201
S...................................................................................................................................................................................201
T – V............................................................................................................................................................................201
W – Z...........................................................................................................................................................................202
List of implementation defined attributes..............................................................................................202
A – D............................................................................................................................................................................202
E – H............................................................................................................................................................................202
I – N.............................................................................................................................................................................203
O – T............................................................................................................................................................................203
U – Z............................................................................................................................................................................203
See also...................................................................................................................................................203
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................203
Ada 95 Reference Manual............................................................................................................................................203
Ada 2005 Reference Manual........................................................................................................................................204
35PRAGMAS..........................................................................................................................205
Description............................................................................................................................................2..05
List of language defined pragmas.......................................................................................................205
A – H............................................................................................................................................................................205
I – O.............................................................................................................................................................................205
P – R.............................................................................................................................................................................206
S – Z.............................................................................................................................................................................206
List of implementation defined pragmas...............................................................................................206
A – C............................................................................................................................................................................207
D – H............................................................................................................................................................................207
I – L..............................................................................................................................................................................207
M – S............................................................................................................................................................................208
T – Z.............................................................................................................................................................................208
12 | Ada_Programming-12-2007
See also...................................................................................................................................................209
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................209
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................209
Ada 95...........................................................................................................................................209
Ada 2005...................................................................................................................................209
36LIBRARIES: STANDARD........................................................................................................210
Implementation...................................................................................................................................210
Portability...........................................................................................................................................210
See also...............................................................................................................................................211
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................211
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................211
Ada Quality and Style Guide.......................................................................................................................................211
37LIBRARIES: ADA..............................................................................................................2..1. 2
List of language defined child units....................................................................................................212
A – C............................................................................................................................................................................212
D – F.............................................................................................................................................................................212
G – R............................................................................................................................................................................213
R – S.............................................................................................................................................................................213
T – U............................................................................................................................................................................214
W – Z...........................................................................................................................................................................215
List of implementation defined child units............................................................................................215
A – K............................................................................................................................................................................215
L – Q............................................................................................................................................................................216
R – Z.............................................................................................................................................................................216
See also...................................................................................................................................................217
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................217
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................217
38LIBRARIES: INTERFACES.......................................................................................................218
Child Packages.......................................................................................................................................218
See also...................................................................................................................................................218
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................218
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................218
Ada 95...........................................................................................................................................218
Ada 2005...................................................................................................................................219
39LIBRARIES: SYSTEM............................................................................................................220
40LIBRARIES: GNAT............................................................................................................221
Child packages......................................................................................................................................2..21
See also...................................................................................................................................................222
External links...............................................................................................................................................................222
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................222
41LIBRARIES.........................................................................................................................223
Predefined Language Libraries...........................................................................................................223
Other Language Libraries....................................................................................................................223
See also...................................................................................................................................................223
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................223
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................223
42LIBRARIES: MULTI-PURPOSE................................................................................................224
See also...................................................................................................................................................224
Wikibooks | 13
Chapter
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................224
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................224
43LIBRARIES: CONTAINER.......................................................................................................225
See also...................................................................................................................................................225
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................225
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................225
44LIBRARIES: GUI.............................................................................................................226
See also...................................................................................................................................................226
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................226
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................226
External Links..............................................................................................................................................................226
45LIBRARIES: DISTRIBUTED.....................................................................................................227
See also...................................................................................................................................................227
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................227
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................227
46LIBRARIES: DATABASE......................................................................................................228
See also...................................................................................................................................................228
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................228
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................228
47LIBRARIES: WEB.............................................................................................................229
See also...................................................................................................................................................229
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................229
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................229
48LIBRARIES: IO................................................................................................................230
See also...................................................................................................................................................230
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................230
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................230
49PLATFORM.........................................................................................................................231
See also...................................................................................................................................................231
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................231
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................231
Ada Quality and Style Guide.......................................................................................................................................231
50PLATFORM: LINUX..............................................................................................................232
See also...................................................................................................................................................232
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................232
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................232
External resources........................................................................................................................................................232
51PLATFORM: WINDOWS......................................................................................................233
See also...................................................................................................................................................233
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................233
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................233
52PLATFORM: VM................................................................................................................234
See also...................................................................................................................................................234
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................234
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................234
14 | Ada_Programming-12-2007
53PORTALS............................................................................................................................235
See also...................................................................................................................................................235
Wikibook......................................................................................................................................................................235
Ada Reference Manual.................................................................................................................................................236
Ada Quality and Style Guide.......................................................................................................................................236
54GNU FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE...............................................................................237
0. PREAMBLE...................................................................................................................................237
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................237
2. VERBATIM COPYING.....................................................................................................................238
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY............................................................................................................239
4. MODIFICATIONS.............................................................................................................................239
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS...........................................................................................................241
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS................................................................................................241
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS............................................. ..........................241
8. TRANSLATION.............................................................................................................................2..42
9. TERMINATION.............................................................................................................................242
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE...................................................................................242
External links..........................................................................................................................................242

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